Force is rarely used without orders in coercive policing, according to research. However, command regulation and understanding are lacking, creating a legal gray zone and possible disputes. This article answers police command questions by clarifying their constitutive function in policing and legitimate order limits. Command authority comes from cops’ power to stop, search, and arrest suspects, but there are few ways to challenge it. The definition and execution of command power boundaries must be improved to ensure police legitimacy and accountability.

Image courtesy of interviewee. January 10, 2024