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Advanced Recording Technologies for Post-earthquake Damage Assessment in Chile

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Bernadette Devilat discusses the use of 3D-laser-scanning to document the as-built condition of houses after the 2010 earthquake in Lolol, a heritage village in Chile that was in progress of reconstruction and repair via the newly created Heritage Reconstruction Programme post-earthquake.

Image courtesy of interviewee. June 25, 2024

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The document discusses the challenges of conserving historic buildings, particularly in earthquake-prone areas, and the need for effective mitigation strategies to protect such buildings. It highlights the importance of using advanced technology, specifically 3D laser scanning (LiDAR), to document the conditions of buildings, enabling faster and more informed emergency responses and reconstruction efforts after earthquakes.

The study focuses on Lolo, a heritage village in Chile, which was impacted by a significant earthquake in 2010. It emphasizes the potential of laser scanning to capture accurate, detailed data on building conditions, facilitating rapid assessments of damage and supporting targeted repairs and interventions.

The research proposes a two-phase approach for post-disaster reconstruction: first, securing buildings and providing temporary shelter for inhabitants; and second, implementing repairs and retrofits guided by the detailed data obtained from the scans. This video method aims to allow residents to continue living in their homes while ensuring safety and efficiency in the rebuilding process.

The document also identifies the limitations of current methods and the importance of integrating modern recording technologies into conservation strategies. It advocates for collaboration among government and academic institutions to enhance documentation and preparedness for future earthquakes.

In conclusion, the use of 3D scanning technologies not only provides a robust tool for documenting heritage buildings but also fosters community engagement, informs design, and facilitates the development of comprehensive conservation strategies that can adapt to the ever-changing nature of heritage sites in seismic regions. The study asserts that these methods can be applied globally to benefit similar cultural heritage contexts.

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X-TIMESTAMP-MAP:LOCAL=00:00:00.000,MPEGTS=900000

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The context of the study is the physical con.

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Conservation of historic buildings

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is a problem on the challenge worldwide,

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but it is even more difficult in quake prone areas

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to avoid potential damage.

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Mitigation strategies are required, such

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as periodic maintenance, repair,

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and strengthening, usually not implemented at the scales.

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The scale of dwellings in heritage areas,

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funding is generally available,

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for momentum buildings such as churches, living houses,

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vulnerable to the effects of future earthquakes.

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Earthquake. This monumental heritage is mainly built

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by inhabitants as an economical

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and affordable response to the local climate,

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resources and culture.

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When located in esic areas, this built heritage, it's,

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is a great risk, due

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to the earthquake posing a destructive and recurrent threat.

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Despite this responses are usually triggered afterwards,

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lacking mitigation strategies to diminish destruction.

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The fastest and most common approach

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after earthquakes is to build a new,

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yet the most sustainable is to reuse,

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considering the building's embedded energy

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and inherited significance.

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However, there is a lack of relevant documentation

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for culturally sensitive recovery and preparedness.

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Repairs are usually costly and slow and large.

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Number of affected constructions make damage

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assessments difficult.

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So this study proposes an alternative to tackle these issues

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by using three laser scanning, also known as lidar,

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to document the as-built condition of the houses

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after the thousand 10 earthquake.

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In Lolo, a heritage village in Chile,

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the date obtained was used as a basis

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for designing alternative architectural interventions

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with a potential of speeding up emergency responses

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and retrofits leading to the array use

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of the remaining built heritage.

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And this is important because earthquakes produce specific

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type of destruction in Chile

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since they usually damage buildings,

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but they do not erase complicated areas.

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And because of these emergency measures

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and reconstruction approaches can be based on what is left

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after earthquakes damaged dwellings cannot be immediately

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reinforced to continue habitation generating disruptions.

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If buildings have repairable, the costs are really high due

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to the difficulty to work with existing remains.

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And this is why, let me, this, this problem led me

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to explore the role of accurate recording

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3D technologies such as three data scanning

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in the reconstruction processes

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after aspects in my PhD carried out at the School

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of Architecture University College London,

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under the supervision of the Stephen Engage and Camilla one,

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and this in this work, instead of recording for replication

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as before, which is usually what,

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what the 3D record is being used currently,

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I used the record as a way

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to question current reconstruction processes

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and developed an alternative vision

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with alternative define approaches are for the introduction

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of the technology institutionally to, to, to get a more

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informed, inclusive

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and sustainable method for risk mitigation, reconstruction,

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and emergency actions.

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And this study focuses only on the emergency post earthquake

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response using this technology.

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In the case of Lolo, advanced recording technologies,

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which are more accessible and affordable than ever

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before, can enhance reconstruction efforts

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by moving away from the idea that you need to rebuild a new

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after each seismic event.

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And this is because among three,

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among other recording technologies,

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I focus mainly in three laser scanning, which has

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millimeter position and gets a 3D point cloud

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with metric information of the existing damage structures,

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facilitating repairs and reinforcements,

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and potentially conserving more heritage buildings.

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And in this case,

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after the SU 10 earthquake in Chile, the heritage

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reconstruction program was created

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at the regional ministry secretariat of the, of the Ministry

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of Housing and Urban Development of Chile.

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And then it was replicated in other effect regions.

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And one of the main advances of this program was to

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organize the post aspect work to allow repairs

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and retrofits using

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the total funding available for a new house.

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So this is, this is a key issue

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because it was the first time,

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something like this was happening using the whole amount

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of money to build a new house,

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to repair an existing house.

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And that was, that was working very well.

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And it worked in this program for a year in 2010,

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and the results were larger dwellings,

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and the conservation of mobile heritage,

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in 150 historical areas, including lolo.

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But the problem of this program was that you,

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it wasn't very fast in developing the solutions for

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what I was explaining before.

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The main reason being that you need

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to carry the damage assessment, that require technical

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and professional expertise

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and to gather information of the condition of each drilling

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as left by the earthquake in order

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to start assessing any intervention.

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So it's pretty much a one-to-one approach.

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And there was extra funding

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and collaboration with professionals, students,

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and universities to speed up these processes,

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but they were just not enough.

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And this is where this relator scanning technologies become,

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technology becomes useful

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to serve this as-built condition of buildings.

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And there's a lot of this technology have been used a lot

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currently, so this is not new.

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Um, and it's used a lot in monumental buildings, in museums,

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in VR technologies, in gaming as well.

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So in general for,

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for documenting buildings, existing buildings.

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Um, so they're used a lot also for post quake assessment

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and for digital preservation.

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Um, and they're also being used, with, in conjunction

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with other technologies such as photogrammetry

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and thermography and to analyze humidity

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and using remote se, remote sensing technologies as well

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for automatic damage assessments.

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But I think the gap, the main gap here is in addressing

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the larger scale of a whole heritage area

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because these heritage areas have a value at as,

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as in a complete set setting.

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You know, it's not one house that is important,

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it's one house in relation to the other.

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Um, and they all confirm this heritage set.

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So addressing this whole heritage set with the same level

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of details as a single building, it's, it's, it's

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what I'm trying to address here.

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And, and this is significant

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because in a post inpost earthquake areas,

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damaged buildings can number in the hundreds, where a rapid

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and scalable approach from the existing context is key.

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The survey of Lolo was part of a wider study

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that I already mentioned, the PhD,

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where I survey three heritage areas in Chile affected

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by different aspects

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and in different stages of their construction process,

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using three laser scanning complemented

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by photography and interviews.

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And this was an experiment to see

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how much data could be obtained in just three days on site

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resembling a post earthquake period before major changes

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and demolitions occur.

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So Lolo was affected by the total

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and 10 earthquake,

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which was an 8.8 momentum magnitude scale, which is a lot.

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And the reason, why I am focusing in Lolo is

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because it was defined as a national priority

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by the Heritage construction program as a way

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to showing the result of this repair strategy.

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So by the time of the survey in 13,

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Lolo had an ongoing reconstruction process

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and was also,

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was also scanned in three days by two people.

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And at that time, the village had, new houses

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that were built following a heritage design.

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Other houses were built in ruin, sorry, were in ruins that,

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and were captured by the three coming be first further decay

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and others were in progress of repair

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and retrofitting by the, with the funds of this program.

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So the method of collecting data was to set a three laser

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scanner, a terrestrial ThreeLac scanning

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scanner in different locations, separated by a range of 15

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to 40 meters while spherical

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and paper targets were placed as reference points

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that will remain still.

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This was a very old method that now it's,

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has obviously evolved.

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Uh, we don't need to use, targets now.

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So it, the, the process is even faster.

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The exterior spaces were captured from the streets

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and the pa pavement

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and the interior spaces, were captured

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by accessing the buildings.

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The result as an accuracy of millimeters

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and the data obtained can be measured virtually cut

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and use it as a basis for technical drawings, images,

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videos, 3D printed motors, for example,

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and virtual reality environments

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among many other applications.

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The amount and accuracy of the data collected

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with this technique are all particular relevance

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to buildings representing a step beyond

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other recording techniques.

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For example, I have always this question,

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many people ask about photogrammetry,

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which is more accessible than laser scanning,

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because it only only requires a photo camera

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to take multiple photos and to generate a three point curve.

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So everyone always asks me, well, what about photogrammetry?

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And it's true, it's, it's, it's,

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it's more accessible photogrammetry,

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but the problem is that it's usually less accurate

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and requires longer post post processing times.

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So in this regard, three, scanning performs better.

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Um, but three, laser scanning also has its limitations,

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such, for example, occluded areas,

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areas that are not captured.

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Uh, it captures only surfaces

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that are visible to the scanner.

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So sometimes there's lack of information, there's lack

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of aerial information as well.

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There's noise and other problems.

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However, these limitations have been addressed in the latest

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developments of this tool

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and can also be overcome by taking action onsite.

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For example, extra scans, complementing the three can,

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the scanning data with other tools such as aerial drones,

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for example, that were unavailable of the time

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of this data capture.

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The find is, I think this technology can be considered,

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robust methods for documenting buildings

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and faster to obtain more metric relevant data such

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as distortions and crack

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and cracks, for example,

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than traditional post documentation techniques.

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Um, mainly for photographs and hand measurements.

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So this technique, can be a robust, data

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for documenting buildings, especially if it's complemented

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and if it's part of a wider methodology complemented

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with questionnaires

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and drone capture with that information,

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a wider reconstruction approach can be planned involving a

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series of intervention strategies according to the level

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of damage of each house from the emergency periods

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to the long term, such

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as tailored supports, reuse and repair.

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In this specific work, I focus on the emergency actions of

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and the repair of the structures,

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and one possible as one possibility.

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This post aspect proposals,

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and I think there will be some images here,

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these both aspect proposals are not definite definitive

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and do not claim to cover all possible

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aspects of reconstructions.

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They stand as a series of strategies

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that may inform future designs, either separately

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or combined with other measures.

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So, three scanning here was used to test this,

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a snapshot of, of ideas.

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The main aspects proposed as the intervention is

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to decide within the same site, assuming

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that inhabitants will still be living there.

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This is something that usually happens

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after earthquakes, that even if you provide an emergency

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camping area, for example, outside the village,

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people won't live there for long.

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They will come back to the houses.

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Even the, even though the houses are not, you know,

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fitted for that because they, they, they are a danger,

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people will still live, live in the, in them.

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Um, so this is a, a potential, a potential, danger

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and which, which is why we need to design with it, with

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what is happening really, which is kind of tackle this,

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this momentum and this momentum of people leaving

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among the ruins.

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It can take years like three, four up to five years.

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So obviously we need to tackle this, this phase.

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So the first phase is securing safe application

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through emergency shelters and,

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and support using the contextual information

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provided by the relation scanning to analyze its design

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and location in relation to the damaged house,

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for example, remains

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and path of use, as well as part of a strategy of occupation

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of the site that will be, be complemented

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by temporary supports

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and repairs also based on that information.

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In addition, by using three care information post aspect,

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distortions can be identified

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to design the specific supporting objects depending on the

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level of damage, which can be even as permanent

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to increase seismic resistance.

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For example, wall supports that follow exactly the shape

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of the distorted surveys, surface according

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to the three laser scan data, providing,

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providing temporary supports

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and safer passages for pedestrians.

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The second phase is addressing the reconstruction to improve

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that period between the emergency

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and the final permanent dwelling.

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This is mainly understood as the reuse

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and retrofit of the affected dwelling,

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using the post asking records, understanding

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how people use the spaces, how they they move

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around the houses and the games to fit in this timeframe,

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recognizing this, this space that is happening anyway,

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and recognizing that reconstruction approaches are as slow

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and there is a gap in how

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to improve these living conditions in between the emergency

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and the permanent solution.

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So the ideas to use the record with the ance to understand

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how they occupy, occupy their spaces,

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and then create a strategy of use during this use, sorry,

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during this period, composed

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of an emergency shelter at the back emergency supports

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to ensure safe passage,

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and use of of, of the house of within the affected dwellings

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and the, and the installations as well, such

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as kitchen and toilet.

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And also providing supports to store materials

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when clearing damaged areas,

16:35.895 --> 16:39.125
which can potentially be recycled in the final house.

16:40.345 --> 16:43.765
Um, this also include assessing, priorities

16:43.785 --> 16:45.165
for repair, reuse.

16:45.385 --> 16:48.125
So understanding the different levels of intervention

16:48.905 --> 16:51.725
within the same site according to the level of damage

16:51.825 --> 16:54.205
of the same site, and also at the level

16:54.225 --> 16:55.845
of the whole of the whole village.

16:55.955 --> 16:57.765
Because, because each one

16:57.765 --> 17:01.765
of the houses will have a different intervention,

17:02.205 --> 17:05.325
strategy, according to this level of damage.

17:05.545 --> 17:09.565
And this, this obviously is informed by the three scan data

17:10.305 --> 17:15.005
and at the practical level, this also comes served

17:15.065 --> 17:19.645
to provide an, an involvement strategy with the residents

17:20.585 --> 17:22.205
who will benefit from,

17:22.515 --> 17:26.045
from the firsthand exper firsthand phase of repairing,

17:26.365 --> 17:28.165
reinforcing, and rebuilding that dwelling

17:28.165 --> 17:29.805
so they will understand how

17:29.805 --> 17:33.805
to maintain these vernacular houses, which is some, some

17:33.805 --> 17:36.685
of this knowledge has been lost during the recent years,

17:37.345 --> 17:39.685
and at the practical level, it is recommended

17:39.745 --> 17:42.085
to integrate accurate recording technologies

17:42.785 --> 17:45.645
in the conservation of Chilean built heritage pre

17:45.825 --> 17:46.965
and post earthquake.

17:47.705 --> 17:51.845
The starting point would be to include the record as a form

17:51.905 --> 17:55.045
of risk management approach with,

17:55.045 --> 17:56.805
current Chilean institution,

17:58.265 --> 18:00.445
but obviously understanding this technology might

18:00.445 --> 18:01.525
be difficult to implement.

18:01.845 --> 18:04.645
I also suggest a collaboration between the government

18:04.945 --> 18:07.805
and academic institutions since the latter

18:08.355 --> 18:11.285
have the equipment and technical knowledge required

18:11.305 --> 18:12.725
to use it at a scale.

18:13.465 --> 18:17.125
So preliminary studies could be carried out based on the

18:17.125 --> 18:19.805
records to set mitigation measures

18:19.985 --> 18:22.565
and management plans in case of future earthquakes

18:22.875 --> 18:25.685
that will help creating the coordination needed.

18:25.905 --> 18:30.005
So all these stakeholders are ready and,

18:30.105 --> 18:32.365
and prepared in case a future earthquake.

18:32.375 --> 18:36.925
Comes to conclude, as a post earthquake documented tool.

18:37.175 --> 18:39.645
Three, scanning provides accurate information

18:39.815 --> 18:41.245
accessible at any time.

18:42.115 --> 18:44.125
It's usefulness for post

18:44.725 --> 18:48.565
recording has been demonstrated in Lolo as a response

18:48.585 --> 18:52.365
to the need for a rapid use of safe, accurate,

18:52.545 --> 18:55.845
and potentially complete survey of damage built heritage.

18:56.665 --> 18:59.925
But more than three days should be considered in order

18:59.945 --> 19:04.605
to include more interior spaces for design purposes.

19:05.025 --> 19:06.685
Um, it has been shown how

19:06.705 --> 19:10.125
as relations can provide an accurate basis on which

19:10.225 --> 19:14.685
to develop proposals in a short period of time, entirely

19:15.245 --> 19:18.485
changing the way post interventions are carried out,

19:18.975 --> 19:22.485
especially if embedded at an institutional level.

19:23.715 --> 19:27.165
Also, additional applications are obtainable from the same

19:27.165 --> 19:31.325
3D data such as images, videos, vr,

19:31.955 --> 19:35.405
that can serve a platform for community engagement

19:35.505 --> 19:36.725
and user participation.

19:37.625 --> 19:41.485
The limitations could be overcome by taking actions

19:42.075 --> 19:45.245
when scanning on site by using the latest,

19:45.585 --> 19:47.765
latest technological advances

19:48.225 --> 19:51.365
and by complemented it with other methods such

19:51.365 --> 19:54.165
as area mapping, photogrammetry and social survey.

19:54.475 --> 19:58.005
This work leads to an innovative research method,

19:58.555 --> 20:00.765
understanding reconstruction,

20:01.145 --> 20:06.045
and with emphasis in the hyphen as a strategy of mitigation

20:06.265 --> 20:10.605
and reuse, which uses the record ranging from the scale

20:10.625 --> 20:14.725
of the village to the domestic aspect of each house

20:15.355 --> 20:18.485
with many possible applications to urban and social studies

20:19.145 --> 20:22.525
and further implications for similar cases worldwide.

20:23.595 --> 20:27.525
Finally, if there is insufficient finding, funding

20:28.145 --> 20:31.285
to provide, the buildings with mitigation measures,

20:31.665 --> 20:36.285
the threes can of them can offer a range of possibilities

20:36.425 --> 20:39.605
for intervention if they are affected by an earthquake.

20:40.265 --> 20:42.365
So I just wanna separate here

20:42.365 --> 20:45.325
that ideally we'll do in this record

20:45.705 --> 20:48.045
before the earthquake so we we can carry it out.

20:48.145 --> 20:50.685
We can, mitigate the damage

20:50.865 --> 20:54.485
and prevent the damage, in future earthquakes,

20:54.705 --> 20:56.805
but in reality, that's very unlikely to happen.

20:57.465 --> 21:01.565
So as, even as a, as a, as a post earthquake tool,

21:02.185 --> 21:05.765
it can provide this range of facilities for intervention.

21:06.105 --> 21:09.005
So ultimately, even if everything fails,

21:09.385 --> 21:11.925
it can provide a three dimensional virtual model

21:11.945 --> 21:15.485
of the buildings that can survive in the digital realm

21:15.545 --> 21:19.765
for the future, if appropriately archived, which can be seen

21:19.785 --> 21:22.805
as another way of conservation, a digital conservation

21:24.025 --> 21:25.845
as areas for future research.

21:26.705 --> 21:28.765
Um, it's important to have in mind

21:28.955 --> 21:33.085
that this work focuses only in the immediate response.

21:33.515 --> 21:36.365
However, its, its application is relevant

21:36.505 --> 21:41.045
as a more comprehensive methodology for a wider long term

21:41.965 --> 21:46.445
conservation strategy of housing heritage areas,

21:46.905 --> 21:50.365
a strategy that includes risk mitigation planning

21:50.505 --> 21:54.605
and post response that I have named reconstruction.

21:55.545 --> 21:56.925
And this is also applicable

21:56.945 --> 21:59.565
to other ses ethnic heritage areas of the world.

22:00.145 --> 22:03.125
For example, what we have done in another research project

22:03.385 --> 22:08.005
in Gujarat, India regarding disaster studies,

22:09.025 --> 22:11.085
to learn from earthquakes and,

22:11.145 --> 22:14.005
and this period between earthquake as fields

22:14.105 --> 22:18.005
and, would, would say that we need to learn to learn

22:18.545 --> 22:19.725
in between earthquake

22:19.725 --> 22:22.725
because there is only one thing we know is

22:22.725 --> 22:25.925
that aspect will occur, then an aspect will occur again.

22:26.065 --> 22:29.765
So we need to, to, to study in between them,

22:30.985 --> 22:32.915
also

22:32.915 --> 22:35.475
how different countries have responded to, to aspects.

22:35.615 --> 22:40.235
So, this will help to develop adaptability strategies

22:40.235 --> 22:42.635
because each country is different and,

22:43.055 --> 22:45.555
and each country will have different scenarios.

22:45.555 --> 22:47.155
So this will work for Chile

22:47.155 --> 22:49.835
because the damage is not as much,

22:49.895 --> 22:51.835
but in other countries it might be different

22:51.895 --> 22:53.035
and it has to be adapted.

22:53.495 --> 22:57.275
And finally, as a future projection, understanding

22:57.465 --> 22:59.835
that this tool offers new aesthetics

23:00.015 --> 23:03.315
and forms of visualization, which I have worked on,

23:03.335 --> 23:04.715
on exhibitions, for example,

23:04.895 --> 23:07.435
and I have also tried to include as a form

23:07.495 --> 23:10.075
of research dissemination to engage

23:10.075 --> 23:11.555
with affected local communities.

23:12.315 --> 23:15.595
I am also fascinated by the theoretical impacts

23:15.815 --> 23:18.675
of new technologies for heritage conservation

23:19.255 --> 23:20.955
in a rapidly changing world.

23:21.615 --> 23:25.955
In this regard, my vision moves away from using the 3D

23:25.955 --> 23:29.235
digital data to inform physical replicas

23:29.235 --> 23:34.155
of heritage buildings to propose an alternative vision of

23:34.755 --> 23:36.835
reconstruction in seismic areas.

23:37.495 --> 23:40.115
One that considers repairing, retrofitting,

23:40.115 --> 23:44.595
and risk mitigation, sending those the use of technology

23:44.735 --> 23:47.405
As a basis for design, evaluation and planning.

23:47.995 --> 23:52.405
Understanding that Lolo as a heritage area in Chile affected

23:52.505 --> 23:55.565
by earthquakes is in constant change

23:55.785 --> 24:00.245
and has been in constant change, many times in the, in,

24:00.305 --> 24:01.565
in its history before.

24:01.985 --> 24:05.645
So this idea of change adaptation, it's,

24:05.645 --> 24:08.525
it's an important one to have in terms of authenticity

24:08.625 --> 24:10.125
and authenticity of the data.

24:10.625 --> 24:11.685
And also mentioning

24:11.685 --> 24:14.365
that the data captured was in thousand 13.

24:14.545 --> 24:17.005
So Lolo has already changed from

24:17.005 --> 24:18.085
what it was already captured.

24:18.105 --> 24:22.445
So the record has this kind of importance of, in time

24:22.585 --> 24:22.805
as.

00:00 - The context of the study is the physical con. Conservation of historic buildings is a problem on the challenge worldwide, but it is even more difficult in quake prone areas to avoid potential damage. Mitigation strategies are required, such

00:18 - as periodic maintenance, repair, and strengthening, usually not implemented at the scales. The scale of dwellings in heritage areas, funding is generally available, for momentum buildings such as churches, living houses, vulnerable to the effects of future earthquakes. Earthquake. This monumental heritage is mainly built by inhabitants as an economical and affordable response to the local climate, resources and culture.

00:50 - When located in esic areas, this built heritage, it's, is a great risk, due to the earthquake posing a destructive and recurrent threat. Despite this responses are usually triggered afterwards, lacking mitigation strategies to diminish destruction. The fastest and most common approach after earthquakes is to build a new, yet the most sustainable is to reuse, considering the building's embedded energy and inherited significance.

01:26 - However, there is a lack of relevant documentation for culturally sensitive recovery and preparedness. Repairs are usually costly and slow and large. Number of affected constructions make damage assessments difficult. So this study proposes an alternative to tackle these issues by using three laser scanning, also known as lidar, to document the as-built condition of the houses after the thousand 10 earthquake. In Lolo, a heritage village in Chile,

02:02 - the date obtained was used as a basis for designing alternative architectural interventions with a potential of speeding up emergency responses and retrofits leading to the array use of the remaining built heritage. And this is important because earthquakes produce specific type of destruction in Chile since they usually damage buildings, but they do not erase complicated areas. And because of these emergency measures

02:32 - and reconstruction approaches can be based on what is left after earthquakes damaged dwellings cannot be immediately reinforced to continue habitation generating disruptions. If buildings have repairable, the costs are really high due to the difficulty to work with existing remains. And this is why, let me, this, this problem led me to explore the role of accurate recording 3D technologies such as three data scanning in the reconstruction processes after aspects in my PhD carried out at the School

03:09 - of Architecture University College London, under the supervision of the Stephen Engage and Camilla one, and this in this work, instead of recording for replication as before, which is usually what, what the 3D record is being used currently, I used the record as a way to question current reconstruction processes and developed an alternative vision with alternative define approaches are for the introduction of the technology institutionally to, to, to get a more

03:44 - informed, inclusive and sustainable method for risk mitigation, reconstruction, and emergency actions. And this study focuses only on the emergency post earthquake response using this technology. In the case of Lolo, advanced recording technologies, which are more accessible and affordable than ever before, can enhance reconstruction efforts by moving away from the idea that you need to rebuild a new after each seismic event.

04:18 - And this is because among three, among other recording technologies, I focus mainly in three laser scanning, which has millimeter position and gets a 3D point cloud with metric information of the existing damage structures, facilitating repairs and reinforcements, and potentially conserving more heritage buildings. And in this case, after the SU 10 earthquake in Chile, the heritage reconstruction program was created

04:53 - at the regional ministry secretariat of the, of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development of Chile. And then it was replicated in other effect regions. And one of the main advances of this program was to organize the post aspect work to allow repairs and retrofits using the total funding available for a new house. So this is, this is a key issue because it was the first time, something like this was happening using the whole amount

05:25 - of money to build a new house, to repair an existing house. And that was, that was working very well. And it worked in this program for a year in 2010, and the results were larger dwellings, and the conservation of mobile heritage, in 150 historical areas, including lolo. But the problem of this program was that you, it wasn't very fast in developing the solutions for what I was explaining before.

05:56 - The main reason being that you need to carry the damage assessment, that require technical and professional expertise and to gather information of the condition of each drilling as left by the earthquake in order to start assessing any intervention. So it's pretty much a one-to-one approach. And there was extra funding and collaboration with professionals, students, and universities to speed up these processes,

06:25 - but they were just not enough. And this is where this relator scanning technologies become, technology becomes useful to serve this as-built condition of buildings. And there's a lot of this technology have been used a lot currently, so this is not new. and it's used a lot in monumental buildings, in museums, in VR technologies, in gaming as well. So in general for, for documenting buildings, existing buildings.

06:57 - so they're used a lot also for post quake assessment and for digital preservation. and they're also being used, with, in conjunction with other technologies such as photogrammetry and thermography and to analyze humidity and using remote se, remote sensing technologies as well for automatic damage assessments. But I think the gap, the main gap here is in addressing the larger scale of a whole heritage area because these heritage areas have a value at as,

07:31 - as in a complete set setting. You know, it's not one house that is important, it's one house in relation to the other. and they all confirm this heritage set. So addressing this whole heritage set with the same level of details as a single building, it's, it's, it's what I'm trying to address here. And, and this is significant because in a post inpost earthquake areas, damaged buildings can number in the hundreds, where a rapid

08:02 - and scalable approach from the existing context is key. The survey of Lolo was part of a wider study that I already mentioned, the PhD, where I survey three heritage areas in Chile affected by different aspects and in different stages of their construction process, using three laser scanning complemented by photography and interviews. And this was an experiment to see how much data could be obtained in just three days on site

08:33 - resembling a post earthquake period before major changes and demolitions occur. So Lolo was affected by the total and 10 earthquake, which was an 8.8 momentum magnitude scale, which is a lot. And the reason, why I am focusing in Lolo is because it was defined as a national priority by the Heritage construction program as a way to showing the result of this repair strategy. So by the time of the survey in 13,

09:05 - Lolo had an ongoing reconstruction process and was also, was also scanned in three days by two people. And at that time, the village had, new houses that were built following a heritage design. Other houses were built in ruin, sorry, were in ruins that, and were captured by the three coming be first further decay and others were in progress of repair and retrofitting by the, with the funds of this program. So the method of collecting data was to set a three laser

09:44 - scanner, a terrestrial ThreeLac scanning scanner in different locations, separated by a range of 15 to 40 meters while spherical and paper targets were placed as reference points that will remain still. This was a very old method that now it's, has obviously evolved. we don't need to use, targets now. So it, the, the process is even faster. The exterior spaces were captured from the streets

10:13 - and the pa pavement and the interior spaces, were captured by accessing the buildings. The result as an accuracy of millimeters and the data obtained can be measured virtually cut and use it as a basis for technical drawings, images, videos, 3D printed motors, for example, and virtual reality environments among many other applications. The amount and accuracy of the data collected

10:42 - with this technique are all particular relevance to buildings representing a step beyond other recording techniques. For example, I have always this question, many people ask about photogrammetry, which is more accessible than laser scanning, because it only only requires a photo camera to take multiple photos and to generate a three point curve. So everyone always asks me, well, what about photogrammetry? And it's true, it's, it's, it's,

11:09 - it's more accessible photogrammetry, but the problem is that it's usually less accurate and requires longer post post processing times. So in this regard, three, scanning performs better. but three, laser scanning also has its limitations, such, for example, occluded areas, areas that are not captured. it captures only surfaces that are visible to the scanner. So sometimes there's lack of information, there's lack

11:39 - of aerial information as well. There's noise and other problems. However, these limitations have been addressed in the latest developments of this tool and can also be overcome by taking action onsite. For example, extra scans, complementing the three can, the scanning data with other tools such as aerial drones, for example, that were unavailable of the time of this data capture. The find is, I think this technology can be considered,

12:07 - robust methods for documenting buildings and faster to obtain more metric relevant data such as distortions and crack and cracks, for example, than traditional post documentation techniques. mainly for photographs and hand measurements. So this technique, can be a robust, data for documenting buildings, especially if it's complemented and if it's part of a wider methodology complemented with questionnaires

12:37 - and drone capture with that information, a wider reconstruction approach can be planned involving a series of intervention strategies according to the level of damage of each house from the emergency periods to the long term, such as tailored supports, reuse and repair. In this specific work, I focus on the emergency actions of and the repair of the structures, and one possible as one possibility. This post aspect proposals,

13:06 - and I think there will be some images here, these both aspect proposals are not definite definitive and do not claim to cover all possible aspects of reconstructions. They stand as a series of strategies that may inform future designs, either separately or combined with other measures. So, three scanning here was used to test this, a snapshot of, of ideas. The main aspects proposed as the intervention is

13:34 - to decide within the same site, assuming that inhabitants will still be living there. This is something that usually happens after earthquakes, that even if you provide an emergency camping area, for example, outside the village, people won't live there for long. They will come back to the houses. Even the, even though the houses are not, you know, fitted for that because they, they, they are a danger, people will still live, live in the, in them.

14:03 - so this is a, a potential, a potential, danger and which, which is why we need to design with it, with what is happening really, which is kind of tackle this, this momentum and this momentum of people leaving among the ruins. It can take years like three, four up to five years. So obviously we need to tackle this, this phase. So the first phase is securing safe application through emergency shelters and, and support using the contextual information

14:36 - provided by the relation scanning to analyze its design and location in relation to the damaged house, for example, remains and path of use, as well as part of a strategy of occupation of the site that will be, be complemented by temporary supports and repairs also based on that information. In addition, by using three care information post aspect, distortions can be identified to design the specific supporting objects depending on the

15:06 - level of damage, which can be even as permanent to increase seismic resistance. For example, wall supports that follow exactly the shape of the distorted surveys, surface according to the three laser scan data, providing, providing temporary supports and safer passages for pedestrians. The second phase is addressing the reconstruction to improve that period between the emergency and the final permanent dwelling.

15:35 - This is mainly understood as the reuse and retrofit of the affected dwelling, using the post asking records, understanding how people use the spaces, how they they move around the houses and the games to fit in this timeframe, recognizing this, this space that is happening anyway, and recognizing that reconstruction approaches are as slow and there is a gap in how to improve these living conditions in between the emergency and the permanent solution.

16:02 - So the ideas to use the record with the ance to understand how they occupy, occupy their spaces, and then create a strategy of use during this use, sorry, during this period, composed of an emergency shelter at the back emergency supports to ensure safe passage, and use of of, of the house of within the affected dwellings and the, and the installations as well, such as kitchen and toilet. And also providing supports to store materials

16:33 - when clearing damaged areas, which can potentially be recycled in the final house. this also include assessing, priorities for repair, reuse. So understanding the different levels of intervention within the same site according to the level of damage of the same site, and also at the level of the whole of the whole village. Because, because each one of the houses will have a different intervention,

17:02 - strategy, according to this level of damage. And this, this obviously is informed by the three scan data and at the practical level, this also comes served to provide an, an involvement strategy with the residents who will benefit from, from the firsthand exper firsthand phase of repairing, reinforcing, and rebuilding that dwelling so they will understand how to maintain these vernacular houses, which is some, some of this knowledge has been lost during the recent years,

17:37 - and at the practical level, it is recommended to integrate accurate recording technologies in the conservation of Chilean built heritage pre and post earthquake. The starting point would be to include the record as a form of risk management approach with, current Chilean institution, but obviously understanding this technology might be difficult to implement. I also suggest a collaboration between the government

18:04 - and academic institutions since the latter have the equipment and technical knowledge required to use it at a scale. So preliminary studies could be carried out based on the records to set mitigation measures and management plans in case of future earthquakes that will help creating the coordination needed. So all these stakeholders are ready and, and prepared in case a future earthquake. Comes to conclude, as a post earthquake documented tool.

18:37 - Three, scanning provides accurate information accessible at any time. It's usefulness for post recording has been demonstrated in Lolo as a response to the need for a rapid use of safe, accurate, and potentially complete survey of damage built heritage. But more than three days should be considered in order to include more interior spaces for design purposes. it has been shown how as relations can provide an accurate basis on which

19:10 - to develop proposals in a short period of time, entirely changing the way post interventions are carried out, especially if embedded at an institutional level. Also, additional applications are obtainable from the same 3D data such as images, videos, vr, that can serve a platform for community engagement and user participation. The limitations could be overcome by taking actions when scanning on site by using the latest, latest technological advances

19:48 - and by complemented it with other methods such as area mapping, photogrammetry and social survey. This work leads to an innovative research method, understanding reconstruction, and with emphasis in the hyphen as a strategy of mitigation and reuse, which uses the record ranging from the scale of the village to the domestic aspect of each house with many possible applications to urban and social studies and further implications for similar cases worldwide. Finally, if there is insufficient finding, funding

20:28 - to provide, the buildings with mitigation measures, the threes can of them can offer a range of possibilities for intervention if they are affected by an earthquake. So I just wanna separate here that ideally we'll do in this record before the earthquake so we we can carry it out. We can, mitigate the damage and prevent the damage, in future earthquakes, but in reality, that's very unlikely to happen. So as, even as a, as a, as a post earthquake tool,

21:02 - it can provide this range of facilities for intervention. So ultimately, even if everything fails, it can provide a three dimensional virtual model of the buildings that can survive in the digital realm for the future, if appropriately archived, which can be seen as another way of conservation, a digital conservation as areas for future research. it's important to have in mind that this work focuses only in the immediate response. However, its, its application is relevant

21:36 - as a more comprehensive methodology for a wider long term conservation strategy of housing heritage areas, a strategy that includes risk mitigation planning and post response that I have named reconstruction. And this is also applicable to other ses ethnic heritage areas of the world. For example, what we have done in another research project in Gujarat, India regarding disaster studies, to learn from earthquakes and, and this period between earthquake as fields

22:14 - and, would, would say that we need to learn to learn in between earthquake because there is only one thing we know is that aspect will occur, then an aspect will occur again. So we need to, to, to study in between them, also how different countries have responded to, to aspects. So, this will help to develop adaptability strategies because each country is different and, and each country will have different scenarios.

22:45 - So this will work for Chile because the damage is not as much, but in other countries it might be different and it has to be adapted. And finally, as a future projection, understanding that this tool offers new aesthetics and forms of visualization, which I have worked on, on exhibitions, for example, and I have also tried to include as a form of research dissemination to engage

23:10 - with affected local communities. I am also fascinated by the theoretical impacts of new technologies for heritage conservation in a rapidly changing world. In this regard, my vision moves away from using the 3D digital data to inform physical replicas of heritage buildings to propose an alternative vision of reconstruction in seismic areas. One that considers repairing, retrofitting, and risk mitigation, sending those the use of technology

23:44 - As a basis for design, evaluation and planning. Understanding that Lolo as a heritage area in Chile affected by earthquakes is in constant change and has been in constant change, many times in the, in, in its history before. So this idea of change adaptation, it's, it's an important one to have in terms of authenticity and authenticity of the data. And also mentioning that the data captured was in thousand 13.

24:14 - So Lolo has already changed from what it was already captured. So the record has this kind of importance of, in time as.

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